نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1393)

Considering the recent developments in Iraq with pretexts of ethnic and religious conflicts، the question considered in this article is whether this situation could pose a threat to the territorial integrity of Iraq? Monitoring the positions of internal groups of Iraq، U. S. interests as well as neighboring countries including Iran، Saudi Arabia and Turkey indicates that disintegration of Iraq would not be beneficial for these countries and it will cause farther violence in the region. In this research، the roles of certain international and internal elements in the Iraqi politics and society are analyzed. According to the findings of this research the territorial disintegration of Iraq doesn''t seem to be a viable scenario and territorial integrity of Iraq is more consistent with the objectives and interests of local communities and foreign governments.

Energy is considered as a strategic and essential commodity in development of countries especially in the Islamic World and it has become a factor of wealth and power. So energy is known as an influencing factor for countries` position in the international hierarchy. Islamic Countries are looking for easy access، uninterrupted and safe energy to ensure their development in the interdependence world. Therefore، energy security plays a vital role in the international system and among the Islamic world countries. Each country would follow policies and strategies appropriate to their positions in the world. But before the pursuing a proper and practical strategies، knowledge and awareness of country situations in the cycle of energy security are more important. So the purpose of this research is providing indicators to determine the situation of major producing countries in the Islamic world in energy security chain. Thus، the results of this article could be helpful in taking practical policies and strategies to maintain، improve and develop Islamic countries position in achieving energy security.

Social movements in the Middle East and North Africa، which are referred to as the Islamic awakening are considered among the most important and controversial phenomena in the contemporary international environment. In this context، Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) as an actual and potential power in the Middle East and enjoying a special and sensitive position، could consider and use the opportunities created by the movements. As a result، Iran’s foreign policy decisions can have a decisive role in forming changes in the region. This paper uses a descriptive-analytic method to study the role of IRI’s foreign policy in Islamic awakening. The result is that adopting appropriate policies and mechanisms by Iran can lead to convergence in the region، diffusion of Islamist identity، and enhancing the regional role of IRI.

Offered various interpretations of rights and obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are one of the major issues of international law nuclear. Existence of wake points in this treaty such as: some vague phrases and sentences، the uncertainty of dispute resolution mechanisms and the imbalance between the rights and obligations of the contracting states. The organizers of the treaty has made nuclear powers to define their interests by arbitrary interpretation of rights and obligations domain under this treaty. The nuclear powers states by differentiate between the «sensitive/ insensitive activities” and pursue of policy named» Zero Enrichment «in order to deny the rights contained in the» NPT”. The main objective of this research is to answer this question that: in the light of international law، how we can obtain، consolidation، and advocated the «Right to Enrichment» of I. R. I? The hypothesis is based on the basis that to attain complete nuclear rights، particularly the «Right to Enrichment» as «Inherent and Inalienable Right» of the Iranian nation are in compliance with the principles of nuclear international law. One of major objectives of this paper is to prove the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran''s nuclear rights، including through the identification and consolidation rights of «development»، «participation»، «technology transfer» and the exercise of the «right to enrichment» as «Inalienable Right» in the framework of regulations of Non-Proliferation. The result of this research indicates the fact that: the recognition of the «right to enrichment»، in addition to preserve the national interest، can develop the international law، especially help the interpretation of international treaties and create international practice.

Based on general principle of self-helping in the international system، states try to augment their power and optimize it in order to materialize their interests and objectives and if such a phenomenon won''t be reachable or attainable by a sole government، states would try to maximize the power mechanism through the means of unification with other players that have common interests as well and in this process their interests would be admittedly obtained. Therefore، alliances are considered quite important since they are one of the sources of power formation in the foreign policies of states. Common threats and interests are known to be the most important parameters forming the alliances. The common interests and threats generally are understood through the conception of the governments and this understanding itself emanates from culture and identity of states. This subject is considered to be especially important in the Middle East region due to its distinguished characters. One of the most important alliances in this respect is the unity between the U. S and Israel، which is considered to be very momentous since it has considerable effects on the region and the developments that are caused as a result of such an alliance between the said states. In this article we attempt to underline and analyze the importance of common culture and identity in the formation of strategic interests of the mentioned states in the frame work of constructivism theory.

There is a discursive paradox in the study of the recent developments in the world of Islam and the fall of the dictators of the Arab world: one discourse is based on the belief that these risings origin from inside and root in the Islamic history and the historical، civilization، cultural، and social facts of these countries and they are process-based. The other discourse claims that these recent developments are based on the new project of the United States for the Middle East. Those with the latter viewpoint believe that these risings have been directly manipulated by the United States so that the new form and structure of the Middle East continues to be dependent and preserves and deepens their interests. Therefore، the main question in this article is “whether the revolutions having taken place in the western Asia and northern Africa are process-based or project-based?” This article studies the new wave of the Islamic awareness characterized with Islamism، anti-autarchy and anti-Imperialism. The major finding of the study reveals that the mentioned developments root in the Islamic history and the historical، civilization، cultural، and social facts of these countries and they are process-based.

Among Islamists political scientists in Turkey، Fethullah Gülen is a well-known religious and political figure for Turkish and European experts. But، there is very little about him and his works in our literature and his opinions are to some extent unknown to the public. Gülen''s emphasis on the pattern of inter-religious co-existence، between the Ottoman era and the traditional one before، shows the important influence of conservatism and traditions on his political thought. The reconciliation between Islam and modernity، youth education، security، role of women in society and dialogue between religions are of the most important intellectual elements in Gülen''s thought. The paper attepmts to show how Gülen''s thought and activities affect on the social and political movement of Islamists and the AK Party that has the lead of the Turkish secular politics for more than 10 years.